Effects of financial development, FDI and good governance on environmental degradation in the Arab nation: Dose technological innovation matters?

The motivation of the study is to gauge impact financial development, FDI, Technological innovation, and good governance on environmental degradation in Arab Nation for period 1991–2019. Several techniques have implemented, including error correction-based cointegration, cross-sectional ARDL, Non-linear ARDL Heterogeneous causality test directional causality. results Slope homogeneity, CSD unit root following CIPS CADF, revealed that research variables are exposed with heterogeneity properties, cross-sectionally dependent, all become stationary after first difference. long-run cointegration between explained explanatory established through correction based cointegrating test. Referring derived from CS-ARDL, development has a detrimental effect sustainability, suggesting intensification CO 2 emission ecological instability. On other hand, role GG, TI beneficiary mitigating adversity. asymmetric assessment association core which valid short-run horizon. Finally, casual association, unveiled bidirectional ED [FDI←→ED; TI←→ED]. policy note, advocated improvement channels should be efficiently monitored case credit extension incorporation existing policies.